Disclosure required3 AI call rules5 political AI laws
North Dakota requires any political communication that uses AI to visually or audibly impersonate a human, including an AI voice, to prominently state "THIS CONTENT GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.", and its telephone law bars prerecorded or synthesized voice messages without the recipient's consent or a live operator first.
Political ad AI law
Disclosure
When it applies
Anytime
Required AI disclaimer
Exact wording set by law
Criminal penalty
Yes
Candidate can sue
No
AI voice calls
3 state rules + TCPA
Political ads and deepfakes
Does North Dakota regulate AI in political ads?
Yes. HB 1167 (2025), codified at N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2, requires any action taken for a political purpose, including communications and political ads for or against a candidate, committee, party, or ballot measure or petition, that contains images, graphics, video, audio, text or other digital content created in whole or part with AI to visually or audibly impersonate a human, to prominently state the required disclaimer. It applies year round and to everyone, with no deception or intent element. Content that uses AI only for text generation, grammar, spelling, style edits or enhancement without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice is exempt. Violations fall under the chapter's general penalty, a class A misdemeanor (N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-08). Separately, the older false political advertising law (16.1-10-04) reaches false AI content about a candidate's record. Key law (HB 1167 (2025), N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2).
HB 1167 (2025): Use of artificial intelligence, disclosure, exception, definition
In effect
Required disclaimer, word for word
“THIS CONTENT GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.”
Citation
N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2
Enacted
April 10, 2025
Effective
August 1, 2025
When it applies
anytime
Media covered
images, graphics, videos, audio, text, or other digital content created in whole or in part with AI to visually or audibly impersonate a human
Who it covers
anyone taking action for a political purpose (candidates, committees, parties, measure and petition campaigns, and any other person)
Rule
disclosure required
Intent required
none stated; applies whenever AI is used to impersonate a human in political content
Disclaimer format
Must be stated prominently; no further size, placement or duration rules in the statute.
Exemptions
content solely using AI for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of human likeness or voice
tools explicitly programmed only to assist with grammar, spelling or word suggestions without generating human likeness or voice (excluded from the AI definition)
Criminal penalty
Class A misdemeanor under the chapter 16.1-10 general penalty (N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-08), which applies where no other penalty is specified
Notes
Passed 90 to 0 in the House and 46 to 0 in the Senate. Signed by the Governor 2025-04-10 and filed with the Secretary of State 2025-04-11. No emergency clause, so it took effect August 1, 2025, the standard effective date for 2025 acts. Unlike most states, there is no requirement that the content be deceptive or depict a real candidate: an AI generated human voice or face in any political communication triggers the disclaimer.
Any political ad, mailer, video, call or text in North Dakota that uses AI to create a human face, body or voice must prominently state "THIS CONTENT GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." even if the person is fictional and the content is accurate.
AI used only for writing copy, grammar or editing existing content does not need the disclaimer.
AI voice agents making political calls should state the disclaimer at the start of the call, because the law covers audio that audibly impersonates a human.
Do not deliver prerecorded or synthesized voice messages to North Dakota phones without the subscriber's prior consent or a live operator who first gets consent (N.D.C.C. 51-28-02); this applies to political calls.
False statements about an opponent's record in calls or texts are a class A misdemeanor under 16.1-10-04.
AI voice calls and texts
Can a campaign use AI voice calls in North Dakota?
North Dakota has two rules that directly hit AI voice political calls. First, N.D.C.C. 51-28-02 says a caller may not use an automatic dialing-announcing device or deliver a prerecorded or synthesized voice message to a subscriber unless the subscriber knowingly requested, consented to, permitted or authorized it, or the message is immediately preceded by a live operator who obtains consent. A "message" is any call, voice, text or other electronic communication regardless of content, so political calls are covered even though political calls are exempt from the separate telephone solicitation and do not call rules. AI generated voices are synthesized voices. Second, the 2025 AI disclosure law (16.1-10-04.2) requires political content that audibly impersonates a human with AI to prominently state "THIS CONTENT GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." Political texts are not exempt from the telephone solicitation definition, and caller ID spoofing with intent to defraud or using a number the caller does not own or have consent to use is prohibited.
Use of prerecorded or synthesized voice messages
In effect
Citation
N.D.C.C. 51-28-02 (with definitions in 51-28-01)
When it applies
anytime
Media covered
automatic dialing-announcing devices and prerecorded or synthesized voice messages (any content, including political)
Who it covers
any caller contacting a subscriber in North Dakota
Rule
ban
Disclaimer format
Allowed only if the subscriber knowingly requested, consented to, permitted or authorized the message, or a live operator immediately precedes the message and obtains consent. Auto dialers must disconnect within 10 seconds after the subscriber hangs up. Auto dialer and solicitation calls are barred before 8 a.m. and after 9 p.m. local time (51-28-05).
Exemptions
public safety emergency notices
school district messages to students, parents or employees
messages to subscribers with a current business relationship
employee work schedule messages
Civil penalty
Attorney General civil penalties up to $2,000 per violation (51-28-15, 51-28-17), plus remedies under the consumer fraud chapter 51-15
Who can sue
Any person who receives a message in violation of the chapter may sue for an injunction and actual damages or up to $2,000 per violation, plus costs and attorney fees (51-28-11)
Injunction available
Yes
Notes
The political party, candidate and political purpose exclusion in 51-28-01(8)(f) removes voice calls only from the definition of telephone solicitation (and so from the do not call and caller identification rules); it does not exempt political callers from the prerecorded or synthesized voice consent rule in 51-28-02. Political text messages are not excluded from telephone solicitation.
knowingly causing caller ID to transmit misleading or inaccurate information with intent to defraud or cause harm, or to display a number the caller does not own or lacks the owner's consent to use
Exemptions
blocking caller ID
law enforcement and intelligence agencies
carriers acting as intermediaries
court authorized activity
callers who reasonably believe the recipient is outside the state
Criminal penalty
Class A misdemeanor
Civil penalty
Recipients may sue for actual damages or $5,000 to $10,000 per violation, whichever is greater, plus costs and attorney fees
Who can sue
Any person receiving a violating call
Injunction available
Yes
Notes
Relevant to dialer platforms that rotate or borrow caller IDs for political call programs.
Federal floor everywhere: AI-generated voices are “artificial” voices under the TCPA (FCC, February 2024), so they need prior express consent to cell phones and must identify the caller at the start of the call. AI robocall laws in every state
AI and election administration laws
Other North Dakota AI laws that touch elections
Publication of false information in political advertisements (not AI-specific)
N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04
Makes it a class A misdemeanor to knowingly, or with reckless disregard for the truth, publish untrue, deceptive, or misleading material about a candidate's prior public record or a ballot issue in political ads, including by text message or telephone call. Not AI-specific, but a false AI ad, call, or text about an opponent's record can be prosecuted under it.
At the federal level, the binding rules that hit AI in campaigns today are the TCPA and FCC robocall rules, not any AI-specific election law. Since February 2024 the FCC treats AI-generated voices as "artificial" voices, so AI voice calls to cell phones need prior express consent (political calls included), AI or prerecorded political calls to landlines are limited to three per 30 days without consent, and every such message must identify the caller, give a callback number and offer an opt-out. The FEC says its existing fraudulent misrepresentation ban covers AI, but it has had no quorum since April 2025 and cannot enforce. Proposed FCC rules on AI disclosure in broadcast political ads and in AI calls were never adopted, and no federal AI political ad disclaimer bill has passed. Federal efforts to preempt state AI laws (a 2025 moratorium the Senate struck 99 to 1, and Executive Order 14365) have not displaced any state election or robocall law as of October 2026.
Voter contact that clears North Dakota's AI rules before the first dial.
Live professional callers and AI voice programs for voter ID, persuasion, ballot chase and GOTV, scripted to the disclosure and consent rules on this page, with every call graded and a real time dashboard.
Yes. HB 1167 (2025), codified at N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2, requires any action taken for a political purpose, including communications and political ads for or against a candidate, committee, party, or ballot measure or petition, that contains images, graphics, video, audio, text or other digital content created in whole or part with AI to visually or audibly impersonate a human, to prominently state the required disclaimer. It applies year round and to everyone, with no deception or intent element. Content that uses AI only for text generation, grammar, spelling, style edits or enhancement without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice is exempt. Violations fall under the chapter's general penalty, a class A misdemeanor (N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-08). Separately, the older false political advertising law (16.1-10-04) reaches false AI content about a candidate's record. Key law (HB 1167 (2025), N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2).
What AI disclaimer does North Dakota require on political ads?
HB 1167 (2025), N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2 requires: "THIS CONTENT GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." Format: Must be stated prominently; no further size, placement or duration rules in the statute.
What is the penalty for a deceptive political deepfake in North Dakota?
Criminal: Class A misdemeanor under the chapter 16.1-10 general penalty (N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-08), which applies where no other penalty is specified.
When does the North Dakota political deepfake law apply?
anytime. It covers images, graphics, videos, audio, text, or other digital content created in whole or in part with AI to visually or audibly impersonate a human.
Can a campaign use an AI voice for robocalls in North Dakota?
North Dakota has two rules that directly hit AI voice political calls. First, N.D.C.C. 51-28-02 says a caller may not use an automatic dialing-announcing device or deliver a prerecorded or synthesized voice message to a subscriber unless the subscriber knowingly requested, consented to, permitted or authorized it, or the message is immediately preceded by a live operator who obtains consent. A "message" is any call, voice, text or other electronic communication regardless of content, so political calls are covered even though political calls are exempt from the separate telephone solicitation and do not call rules. AI generated voices are synthesized voices. Second, the 2025 AI disclosure law (16.1-10-04.2) requires political content that audibly impersonates a human with AI to prominently state "THIS CONTENT GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." Political texts are not exempt from the telephone solicitation definition, and caller ID spoofing with intent to defraud or using a number the caller does not own or have consent to use is prohibited. Under federal law, the FCC ruled in February 2024 that AI-generated voices are "artificial" voices under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, so prerecorded or AI voice calls to cell phones need prior express consent, and every such call must identify the caller at the start.
Does North Dakota have other AI election laws beyond political ads?
Yes. Publication of false information in political advertisements (not AI-specific): Makes it a class A misdemeanor to knowingly, or with reckless disregard for the truth, publish untrue, deceptive, or misleading material about a candidate's prior public record or a ballot issue in political ads, including by text message or telephone call. Not AI-specific, but a false AI ad, call, or text about an opponent's record can be prosecuted under it.
How many political AI laws does North Dakota have?
This tracker counts 5 North Dakota AI laws touching politics and elections as of October 5, 2026: 1 on elections, 3 on AI or artificial voice calls, 1 on voting and election officials.