Political deepfake laws by state

Alabama's 2024 law (HB 172, Act 2024-349, Ala. Code 17-5-16.1) makes it a crime to distribute AI-produced materially deceptive image, audio or video of a person within 90 days before an election, knowing it is false and intending to harm a candidate and deceive voters. A disclaimer stating the media was manipulated by technical means and depicts speech or conduct that did not occur is a safe harbor (the statute offers suggested wording that is sufficient but not mandatory), and edited real footage must also cite the original source. A first offense is a Class A misdemeanor and a repeat within five years is a Class D felony, and the Attorney General, the person depicted, an injured candidate or a voter group can get a permanent injunction.

• HB 172 (2024), Act 2024-349: Distribution of materially deceptive media to influence an upcoming election, Ala. Code 17-5-16.1, effective October 1, 2024

Arizona has two 2024 laws. A.R.S. 16-1024 (SB 1359) bars a creator from creating and distributing a deepfake of a candidate that the creator knows is deceptive and fraudulent within 90 days before the election unless it carries a clear and conspicuous disclosure that it includes AI-generated content, with a civil penalty for each day it runs. A.R.S. 16-1023 (HB 2394) lets a candidate or any Arizona citizen sue over a digital impersonation published without consent and without reasonably conveying it is fake; for candidates the remedy is a declaratory judgment, with a ruling on preliminary relief within two court days. No AI election bills passed in 2025 or 2026.

• SB 1359 (2024): Election communications; deepfakes; prohibition, A.R.S. 16-1024, effective September 14, 2024
• HB 2394 (2024): Digital impersonation; injunctive relief; requirements, A.R.S. 16-1023, effective May 21, 2024

California stacks three rules. (1) Every committee ad that contains AI-generated or substantially AI-altered image, audio or video must carry the disclaimer "Ad generated or substantially altered using artificial intelligence." (Gov. Code 84514, enforced by the FPPC). (2) Within 60 days of an election it is unlawful to distribute, with actual malice, materially deceptive audio or visual media of a candidate intended to injure the candidate or deceive voters unless it says "This _____ has been manipulated." (Elec. Code 20010, extended to January 1, 2031 by AB 686). (3) Elections Code 20012, rewritten by the urgency bill AB 502 and in effect since September 19, 2026, bars knowingly distributing, with malice, digitally fabricated content of candidates or elected officials in the 30 days before an election, and of election officials, ballots or voting equipment from 30 days before to 38 days after; a label only protects a candidate depicting themself or satire. The 2024 version (AB 2839) was struck down in Kohls v. Bonta, and the new text has not yet been tested in court.

• AB 2355 (2024): Political Reform Act: AI-generated or substantially altered political advertisements, Cal. Gov. Code 84514; placement rules in Gov. Code 84504 to 84504.4, effective January 1, 2025
• AB 730 (2019), extended by AB 972 (2022) and AB 686 (2026): Elections: deceptive audio or visual media (candidate deepfakes), Cal. Elec. Code 20010; Code Civ. Proc. 35, effective January 1, 2020
• AB 2839 (2024), rewritten by AB 502 (2026): Elections: deceptive media in advertisements, Cal. Elec. Code 20012, effective September 19, 2026

Colorado bars distributing a communication about a candidate that includes an AI-generated deepfake to that candidate's electorate within 60 days before a primary or 90 days before a general election, if the sender knows or recklessly disregards that the candidate did not say or do what is shown. The ban is lifted only if the communication carries the statutory disclosure in a clear and conspicuous way, including spoken disclosure in audio and the statement in the file's metadata. Enforcement is through administrative complaints to the Secretary of State and lawsuits by the depicted candidate.

• HB 24-1147 (2024): Candidate Election Deepfake Disclosures, C.R.S. 1-46-101 to 1-46-106 (deepfake rule at 1-46-103); penalties at C.R.S. 1-45-111.5(1.5)(c.5), effective July 1, 2024

Delaware makes it a class B misdemeanor to distribute, or contract to distribute, a deepfake of a candidate or political party within 90 days before an election without the depicted person's consent, when the distributor knows or reasonably should know it is a deepfake. A deepfake is synthetic media made with intent to injure a candidate or party or otherwise deceive a voter. Including the statutory disclosure, sized and placed as the law requires, removes the violation. Depicted candidates can also sue in the Court of Chancery for an expedited injunction and damages.

• HB 316 w/ HS 1 (2024): Use of deep fake technology to influence an election; penalty; injunctive relief, 15 Del. C. 5145 (84 Del. Laws, c. 487), effective October 9, 2024

Florida requires a specific AI disclaimer on political advertisements, electioneering communications, and other political advertisements that contain generative AI content appearing to show a real person doing something that did not actually occur, when the content was created with intent to injure a candidate or to deceive about a ballot issue. There is no pre-election window; the rule applies at all times. The sponsor named in the ad's other disclaimers commits a first degree misdemeanor by omitting it, and anyone can file a complaint with the Florida Elections Commission for an expedited hearing. No 2025 or 2026 amendments passed; the 2026 AI Bill of Rights (SB 482) passed the Senate but died in the House.

• CS/HB 919 (2024): Artificial Intelligence Use in Political Advertising, Fla. Stat. 106.145 (ch. 2024-126, Laws of Fla.), effective July 1, 2024

Act 191 (2024) barred recklessly distributing materially deceptive AI or digitally created election advertisements from the first working day of February in even-numbered years through the general election, unless the media carried a disclaimer, and gave candidates and voter groups the right to sue. On January 30, 2026, the U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii (Babylon Bee, LLC and Dawn O'Brien v. Lopez) held the law facially unconstitutional under the First and Fourteenth Amendments and permanently enjoined the Attorney General, Campaign Spending Commission members, and the Honolulu prosecutor from enforcing it. No appeal appears on the docket; later entries concern the State paying plaintiffs' attorney fees.

• SB 2687 (2024): Materially deceptive media in elections, HRS 11-301 to 11-304 (2024 Haw. Sess. Laws Act 191; core rule at HRS 11-303), effective July 3, 2024 (struck down or blocked in court)

Idaho's Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act (2024) does not create a crime; it gives a candidate whose speech or actions are deceptively shown through synthetic audio or video in an electioneering communication the right to seek an injunction and damages against the content creator. Electioneering communications are those that clearly refer to a candidate and reach that candidate's voters within 30 days before a primary or 60 days before a general election, and the definition expressly includes telephone calls to residences. Including the disclosure "This (video/audio) has been manipulated" in the required format is an affirmative defense. Bills to fold the act into a rewritten campaign finance code (HB 442 in 2025, SB 1422 in 2026) died.

• HB 664 (2024): Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act, Idaho Code 67-6628A (2024 Idaho Sess. Laws ch. 172), effective March 25, 2024

Since March 2024, if a campaign communication (anything advocating for or against a clearly identified candidate, or soliciting a contribution) includes fabricated media depicting a candidate, the person who paid for it must add a specific disclaimer. Fabricated media covers altered audio, images, or video that a reasonable person could not tell were altered, lifelike AI imitations of a real person made without consent, and media showing an AI-generated person. There is no time window and no criminal penalty: the depicted candidate can sue the payer, the sponsor, and anyone who knowingly or recklessly stripped the disclaimer, for damages, an injunction, and attorney fees.

• HB 1133 (2024), House Enrolled Act 1133, P.L. 81-2024: Use of Digitally Altered Media in Elections, Ind. Code 3-9-8-1 to 3-9-8-6 (disclaimer at 3-9-8-5), effective March 12, 2024

Since March 24, 2025, KRS 117.322 lets any candidate whose appearance, action, or speech is altered with synthetic media in an electioneering communication sue the sponsor for an injunction requiring a clear and conspicuous disclosure, plus attorney fees. Electioneering communications are broadcast, cable, internet, radio, electronic billboard, phone calls to residences, or other electronic communications that refer to a state, county, city, or district candidate or a ballot measure and are distributed to that electorate within 45 days before a primary or regular election. Including a clear and conspicuous disclosure is a complete defense. Defying a court order to add the disclosure carries the Class D felony penalty in KRS 121.990(3).

• SB 4 (2025 Regular Session), 2025 Ky. Acts ch. 66, sec. 4 and 5: Action against use of synthetic media in electioneering communication, KRS 117.322 (definitions in KRS 117.001), effective March 24, 2025

Act 806 of 2026 (HB 459), signed June 9, 2026 and effective August 1, 2026, bars making any electioneering communication that portrays a candidate or an elected official subject to recall and that was created, altered, or digitally manipulated with AI so it would falsely appear authentic, unless it carries a clear and understandable disclosure that it was created using AI, in the same form as Louisiana's paid-for-by disclosures. Electioneering communication now means any printed, digital, or broadcast communication with express advocacy or its functional equivalent, with no fixed pre-election window. Violations made with intent to injure a candidate's reputation or to deceive a voter are crimes. This replaced the result of 2024, when Governor Jeff Landry vetoed two election deepfake bills (HB 154 and SB 97).

• HB 459 (2026 Regular Session), Act 806: Disclosure of artificial intelligence in electioneering communications portraying candidates, La. R.S. 18:1463(A), (F), (G), (H), (I); definition of electioneering communication at R.S. 18:1483(33); AI definition at R.S. 14:73.14, effective August 1, 2026

Public Law 2025, chapter 593 (LD 517), signed March 23, 2026 and effective July 29, 2026, adds 21-A M.R.S. 1014(5-C): any public communication that already requires a disclosure under Maine's campaign finance law (express advocacy, candidate-naming communications in the pre-election windows, and independent expenditures with top-funder statements) must add the statutory statement if it contains synthetic media of a candidate. Synthetic media is any image, audio, or video of a candidate that deceptively shows the candidate saying or doing something they did not, or is altered to give a materially different impression. There is no intent requirement and no time limit beyond the underlying disclosure rules. The Ethics Commission can fine up to 500% of the expenditure, cannot waive the penalty for a quick fix, and refers continuing violations to the Attorney General for an injunction.

• LD 517 (HP 335), 132nd Legislature; Public Law 2025, chapter 593: An Act Regarding Synthetic Media in Campaign Advertising, 21-A M.R.S. 1014(5-C), with conforming changes to 1014(3), (3-B), and (4), effective July 29, 2026

Chapter 444 of 2026 (SB 141), effective June 1, 2026, adds Election Law 16-905: a person may not knowingly or with reckless disregard create, use, or disseminate a deepfake (AI or other digitally made realistic but false image, audio, or video of a person) to produce materially false information when the person intends to influence or impede a voter's decision to vote or how to vote for a candidate or ballot issue, to misrepresent voter registration, voting methods, results, or election officials' duties, or to sway petition signing, and the act results or is intended to result in harm to a voter, potential voter, or petition. Violations are misdemeanors punishable by up to 5 years and $5,000. Maryland has no AI labeling rule for political ads; adding a label is not a statutory defense, though content that is clearly not deceptive would not meet the elements. The same law lets the State Administrator correct election misinformation, seek court orders removing it from online platforms, and subpoena records, and lets the State Board sue for its correction costs.

• SB 141 (2026), Chapter 444 (cross-file HB 145): Election Law: Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes, Md. Code, Election Law 16-905 (new) and 2-110 (amended), effective June 1, 2026

No Massachusetts statute currently regulates AI-generated or deceptive synthetic media in political ads. Section 297 of Chapter 238 of the Acts of 2024 (the November 2024 economic development act) barred distributing materially deceptive audio or visual media with actual malice within 90 days of an election unless it carried the disclosure "This _____ has been manipulated.", but Section 318 of the same act repealed it effective February 1, 2025. In February 2026 the House passed H 5093 (ban on materially deceptive AI media with actual malice within 90 days of an election, with satire and parody exemptions) and H 5094 (AI disclosure at the beginning and end of synthetic audio or video political ads, fines up to $1,000), but both stalled in Senate Ways and Means and Public Citizen lists them as failed when formal sessions ended in July 2026. General election law, defamation, and federal rules still apply.

• H 5100 (2024), Chapter 238 of the Acts of 2024, Section 297 (EXPIRED): Temporary ban on materially deceptive audio or visual media in elections (expired February 1, 2025), St. 2024, c. 238, s. 297 (uncodified; repealed by s. 318, effective 2025-02-01 under s. 323), effective November 20, 2024 (repealed or expired)

Michigan has two layers, both in effect since February 13, 2024. First, any paid political ad (candidate, election, or ballot question) that contains AI-generated image, audio, or video must clearly state that it was generated in whole or substantially by AI, at any time of year; violations are civil infractions of up to $250 for a first offense and $1,000 per ad after that. Second, knowingly distributing AI-produced 'materially deceptive media' that falsely shows a person saying or doing something, within 90 days of an election and with intent to harm a candidate and deceive voters, is a crime unless the media carries a manipulated-media disclaimer meeting format rules; first offense is a 90-day misdemeanor and a repeat within 5 years is a 5-year felony.

• HB 5141 (2023), Public Act 263 of 2023; AI defined by HB 5143, Public Act 264 of 2023: AI disclosure in qualified political advertisements (Michigan Campaign Finance Act), MCL 169.259 (AI disclosure); MCL 169.202 (definition of artificial intelligence), effective February 13, 2024
• HB 5144 (2023), Public Act 265 of 2023; sentencing guideline companion HB 5145: Distribution of materially deceptive media, MCL 168.932f, effective February 13, 2024

Minn. Stat. 609.771 bans disseminating (or contracting to disseminate) a deep fake, meaning realistic AI or technically manipulated video, audio, image, or photo of someone saying or doing something they did not, if it is done without the depicted person's consent, with intent to injure a candidate or influence an election, and during the protected window (90 days before a party nominating convention, or any time after absentee voting has begun for a primary or general election). Unlike most states there is no disclaimer safe harbor and no express satire or parody exemption, although courts have read the realism requirement to exclude content clearly labeled as parody. Penalties run from a 90-day misdemeanor up to 5 years in prison for repeat offenders, a convicted state or local candidate forfeits the nomination or office, and prosecutors, the depicted person, or an injured candidate can get an injunction. Two federal First Amendment challenges are pending but the law remains in force.

• HF 1370 (2023), amended by HF 4772 (2024): Use of deep fake technology to influence an election, Minn. Stat. 609.771, effective August 1, 2023

SB 2577 (2024), effective July 1, 2024, makes it a crime to disseminate, or contract to disseminate, a 'digitization' (a realistic altered or AI-created image or audio of a person) within 90 days of an election, without the depicted person's consent, with intent to injure a candidate, influence the election result, or deter anyone from voting, when the person knows it is a digitization. Clear and prominent language displayed throughout the digitization telling viewers the person did not engage in the depicted speech or conduct is a defense to prosecution. Penalties reach 5 years and $10,000 when the intent is to incite violence, cause bodily harm, or deter voting, or for a repeat offense within 5 years; otherwise up to 1 year and $5,000. The AG, a district attorney, the depicted person, an injured candidate, or a political party can seek an injunction and takedown order.

• SB 2577 (2024), 2024 Miss. Laws ch. 467: Wrongful dissemination of digitizations, Miss. Code Ann. 97-13-47, effective July 1, 2024

SB 25 (2025 Mont. Laws ch. 541, codified at MCA 13-35-801 to 13-35-804) prohibits paying for or sponsoring the production, creation, or distribution of an election communication or electioneering communication that the sponsor knew or should have known is a deepfake of a candidate (including incumbents) or political party on the ballot, within 60 days of the initiation of voting. It is legal if it carries the statutory disclosure in the required size and placement. Enforcement starts with a complaint to the Commissioner of Political Practices (civil penalties), a second sufficiency finding is referred for misdemeanor prosecution, and a third for felony prosecution; aggrieved candidates and parties can also sue for an injunction, damages, up to $10,000 punitive damages, and attorney fees.

• SB 25 (2025): Deepfake regulation in election communications, MCA 13-35-801 to 13-35-804 (2025 Mont. Laws ch. 541), effective October 1, 2025

AB 73 (2025), codified at NRS 294A.3493 and effective January 1, 2026, requires any communication made or paid for by a person, organization, candidate, campaign committee, PAC, or party committee that supports or opposes a candidate or party, provides information on political or social issues with intent to influence an election, or solicits contributions, and that includes synthetic media, to disclose clearly and conspicuously that it has been manipulated. Video must show the disclosure for the entire video; audio-only must speak it at the beginning, at the end, and every 2 minutes if longer than 2 minutes. A depicted candidate can sue in district court for an injunction or other equitable relief. There is no pre-election window and no penalty in the section itself, although chapter 294A's general civil penalty (NRS 294A.420, up to $10,000 per violation, enforced by the Secretary of State) may apply.

• AB 73 (2025), Statutes of Nevada 2025, chapter 224: Disclosure of synthetic media in political communications, NRS 294A.3493, effective January 1, 2026

RSA 664:14-c (HB 1596, 2024) prohibits any person, corporation, committee or other entity from distributing, within 90 days of an election at which a candidate will appear on the ballot, an AI or generative AI message it knows or should have known is a deepfake of a candidate, election official, or party on the state or local ballot, unless the media carries the statutory disclosure. Enforcement in the section is civil: the depicted candidate or election official can get an injunction and sue the sponsor for damages and attorney fees. Separately, the general deepfake crime in RSA 638:26-a (a class B felony) can reach a deepfake made to damage a candidate's reputation at any time.

• HB 1596 (2024): Synthetic Media and Deceptive and Fraudulent Deepfakes (disclosure of deceptive AI use in political advertising), N.H. RSA 664:14-c, effective August 1, 2024

HB 182 (2024, Laws 2024, chapter 57) amended the Campaign Reporting Act. Any advertisement (the Act's definition includes recorded phone messages) that contains materially deceptive media, meaning AI-produced images, audio or video falsely showing a person's speech or conduct, must carry the statutory AI disclaimer in every language used (NMSA 1-19-26.4(D)); each failure is a separate violation subject to Campaign Reporting Act civil penalties. HB 182 also made it a violation of the Act, and a crime if willful and knowing, to distribute or agree to distribute materially deceptive media within 90 days before an election with intent to mislead voters and change their votes, unless the same disclaimer is included (NMSA 1-19-26.8; first conviction a misdemeanor, second a fourth degree felony). In July 2025 the Attorney General opined (Opinion 2025-09) that applying the disclaimer to satire and parody is unconstitutional, and on August 21, 2026 the State Ethics Commission resolved not to enforce the 1-19-26.4 disclaimer provisions for ads that are not campaign, coordinated or independent expenditures.

• HB 182 (2024), Laws 2024, chapter 57: Disclaimers in advertisements; artificial intelligence; materially deceptive media, NMSA 1978, 1-19-26.4(D) to (G), effective May 15, 2024
• HB 182 (2024), Laws 2024, chapter 57: Prohibited distribution of materially deceptive media; crime; exceptions; enforcement, NMSA 1978, 1-19-26.8, effective May 15, 2024

Election Law 14-106(5), added in the April 2024 state budget, requires anyone who distributes or publishes a political communication containing materially deceptive media (realistic AI or digitally created or altered images, video, audio or text depicting something that did not happen), with actual knowledge that it is deceptive, to disclose it. There is no pre-election window: it applies at all times. It is not a ban, carries no criminal or civil fine, and is enforced by the depicted candidate through an expedited injunction action in state supreme court. No new election AI law passed in the 2025 or 2026 sessions; Governor Hochul's 2026 proposal to ban non-consensual election deepfakes was left out of the FY2027 budget.

• FY2025 state budget legislation (2024): Disclosure of materially deceptive media in political communications, N.Y. Election Law 14-106(5), effective April 20, 2024

HB 1167 (2025), codified at N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2, requires any action taken for a political purpose, including communications and political ads for or against a candidate, committee, party, or ballot measure or petition, that contains images, graphics, video, audio, text or other digital content created in whole or part with AI to visually or audibly impersonate a human, to prominently state the required disclaimer. It applies year round and to everyone, with no deception or intent element. Content that uses AI only for text generation, grammar, spelling, style edits or enhancement without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice is exempt. Violations fall under the chapter's general penalty, a class A misdemeanor (N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-08). Separately, the older false political advertising law (16.1-10-04) reaches false AI content about a candidate's record.

• HB 1167 (2025): Use of artificial intelligence, disclosure, exception, definition, N.D.C.C. 16.1-10-04.2, effective August 1, 2025

Since March 27, 2024, any campaign communication supporting or opposing a clearly identified candidate or measure that includes synthetic media must include a disclosure stating that the image, audio recording, or video recording has been manipulated. Synthetic media means a realistic but false depiction of a real individual's appearance, speech, or conduct, made with AI or similar technology, that would give a reasonable person a materially different impression than the original. There is no dollar threshold and no election window. The Secretary of State (or the Attorney General for matters involving the Secretary of State) can seek an injunction, and courts must impose a civil penalty of up to $10,000 per violation; there is no private lawsuit.

• SB 1571 (2024 regular session), Oregon Laws 2024, chapter 62: Use of artificial intelligence in campaign communications, ORS 260.268 (rules authority in ORS 260.269); complaint process in ORS 260.345, effective March 27, 2024

Since July 2, 2025, a candidate, campaign committee, PAC, party committee, or anyone making an independent expenditure may not, within 90 days of an election at which a candidate will appear on the ballot, distribute synthetic media they know or should know is deceptive and fraudulent. The ban lifts if the media includes a disclosure that it has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence, shown in readable type (no smaller than the largest other text, and for the full length of a video) or, for audio, read at the start, the end, and every two minutes. Depicted candidates (including incumbents) can sue for an injunction and for damages against whoever generated the media, but must prove the violation by clear and convincing evidence. There is no criminal penalty.

• S 816 Sub A and H 5872 Sub A (2025), Public Laws 2025 ch. 410 and ch. 409: Deceptive and Fraudulent Synthetic Media in Election Communications, R.I. Gen. Laws 17-30-1 to 17-30-4, effective July 2, 2025

Since July 1, 2025, no person may, with intent to injure a candidate, disseminate a deepfake (or contract to disseminate one) within 90 days of an election if they know or reasonably should know it is a deepfake and it lacks the required disclosure. A deepfake is any image, audio, or video made or manipulated with AI or other digital technology so realistically that a reasonable person would believe it shows a real person's actual speech or conduct. Violations are a Class 1 misdemeanor; the Attorney General, an injured candidate, or the depicted person can seek an injunction, and the candidate and depicted person can sue for damages and attorney fees. Including the exact statutory disclosure is an affirmative defense.

• SB 164 (2025), SL 2025 ch. 68: Prohibit the use of a deepfake to influence an election, S.D. Codified Laws 12-26-32 to 12-26-37, effective July 1, 2025

Tennessee's Transparency for Deepfakes in Political Advertising Act (Public Chapter 625 of 2026, effective July 1, 2026) adds a deepfake rule to the state's political ad disclaimer law. A covered communication that uses an AI deepfake to impersonate a candidate's speech or depict a candidate's actions must state set wording: spoken at the start and end for audio, and in large letters for the whole video. For incumbents the rule applies year round; for non-incumbent candidates it applies only within 120 days before voting begins in an election where they are on the ballot. Violations are a Class C misdemeanor, and the depicted candidate can sue for damages (including $150,000 liquidated damages) and injunctions under the state's deepfake civil remedy statute.

• HB 1513 / SB 1624 (2026), Public Chapter 625: Transparency for Deepfakes in Political Advertising Act, Tenn. Code Ann. 2-19-120(a)(6); deepfake defined in 39-17-1902; remedies in 39-17-1904, effective July 1, 2026

Since September 1, 2019, a person commits a crime if, intending to injure a candidate or influence an election result, they create a deep fake video and cause it to be published or distributed within 30 days of an election. The law covers video only (not audio or still images) and has no disclosure safe harbor and no written exemptions. Texas has no AI disclaimer requirement for political ads: HB 366 (2025) passed the House 102 to 40 but never moved in the Senate, SB 893 passed the Senate but died in the House, and HB 142 (first called session, 2025) was filed but never acted on. The Legislature does not meet in regular session again until January 2027.

• SB 751 (2019, 86th Legislature): Fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence the outcome of an election, Tex. Elec. Code 255.004(d) and (e); penalty in 255.004(c), effective September 1, 2019

Since May 1, 2024, any audio or visual communication paid for by a candidate committee, PAC, political issues committee, political party, or anyone using a contribution, that is meant to influence a vote on a candidate or ballot proposition in Utah, and that contains media substantially produced by generative AI, must carry fixed AI wording. Audio must say "Contains content generated by AI." at the beginning and end; visuals must show one of four set labels for as long as the AI content is on screen. Online versions must also carry embedded tamper-evident digital content provenance. A court can impose a civil penalty of up to $1,000 per violation. There is no time window and no ban; the rule applies to any AI content, not only deceptive deepfakes of real people.

• SB 131 (2024 General Session), Information Technology Act Amendments: Disclosure of synthetic media, Utah Code 20A-11-1104, effective May 1, 2024

Act 75 of 2026 (S.23, 17 V.S.A. 2031 to 2033 and 2041 to 2042) bars publishing or distributing synthetic media that you know is "deceptive and fraudulent" within 90 days before a Vermont election unless it carries a set disclosure. Covered media is any image, audio, or video of a person's appearance, speech, or conduct created or intentionally manipulated with digital technology, including AI, that realistically depicts a candidate in a way that injures the candidate's reputation, or depicts anyone in a way that tries to sway an election (including a public question) with materially false information. Knowing and intentional violations carry fines from $1,000 up to $15,000, the depicted candidate can sue for an injunction, and the Attorney General or a State's Attorney can investigate and sue. A federal court blocked one AG investigation of an AI satire video in Sept. 2026 (Poitras v. Clark) but left the law in force for everyone else.

• S.23 (Act 75 of 2026): An act relating to the use of synthetic media in elections, 17 V.S.A. 2031 to 2033 (subchapter 4), 2041 to 2042 (subchapter 5), effective March 5, 2026

Washington's 2023 law (ESSB 5152, first codified at RCW 42.62 and recodified as RCW 29B.35.010 to 29B.35.030 on January 1, 2026) lets a candidate whose appearance, action, or speech is altered by synthetic media in an electioneering communication sue the sponsor for an injunction and damages, with attorney fees to the prevailing party. Including the statutory disclosure is an affirmative defense, so the practical rule is: label it or risk a lawsuit. There are no fines or criminal penalties, and the plaintiff must prove synthetic media by clear and convincing evidence. Since June 2024, Public Disclosure Commission rules also require committees to report synthetic media use, the AI vendor, and audience targeting on their expenditure reports.

• ESSB 5152 (2023), Laws of 2023 ch. 360: Electioneering communications: use of synthetic media, RCW 29B.35.010 to 29B.35.030 (formerly RCW 42.62.020 to 42.62.040; recodified by Laws of 2024 ch. 164 effective Jan. 1, 2026), effective July 23, 2023

2023 Wisconsin Act 123 (AB 664, signed March 21, 2024, effective March 23, 2024) added Wis. Stat. 11.1303(2m). Any audio or video communication that already needs a "Paid for by" attribution and contains express advocacy, issue advocacy, or referendum advocacy must disclose synthetic media, defined as audio or video content substantially produced in whole or in part by generative AI. There is no ban, no election window, and no intent requirement: it is a labeling rule. Intentional violations carry a forfeiture up to $1,000 each, enforced through the Ethics Commission process; broadcasters and hosts are not liable unless they are the responsible committee.

• AB 664 (2023 Wisconsin Act 123): Disclosures regarding content generated by artificial intelligence in political advertisements, Wis. Stat. 11.1303(2m), effective March 23, 2024

No political deepfake law (20)

Alaska · Arkansas · Connecticut · District of Columbia · Georgia · Illinois · Iowa · Kansas · Massachusetts · Missouri · Nebraska · New Jersey · North Carolina · Ohio · Oklahoma · Pennsylvania · South Carolina · Virginia · West Virginia · Wyoming

HyperPhonebank

Voter contact that clears every state's AI rules before the first dial.

Live professional callers and AI voice programs for voter ID, persuasion, ballot chase and GOTV, scripted to the disclosure and consent rules on this page, with every call graded and a real time dashboard.