Texas · U.S. House · District 31 · November 3, 2026

What it would take for Justin Early.

Carter starts 22.6 points ahead on our starting line from recent official results. Campaign work can move about 5,160 net votes toward Early, a 2.1-point gain. Winning outright would take a 20.5-point national wave on top of that. Here is the plan that makes Early the one standing if one comes.

55,295
net votes between Early and a win
37
days to election day. Early voting opens October 19.
22.6 pts
Carter lead, our starting line from recent results
In short

A long shot on the math: it takes a 20.5-point national wave.

Odds today<1%
Odds with the plan<1%
Net votes to find55,295
WherePrecinct 414 (Bell County), Precinct 210 (Bell County), Precinct 405 (Bell County)
Underdog UpdateSeptember 26, 2026. Underdog plan published. Starting line: Carter +22.6. Justin Early needs 55,295 net votes. Odds under 1% today, under 1% with the plan.
The number

122,466 votes.

That is half of the 244,931 ballots we expect in this race, plus one. Where Early stands today, and what is missing:

91,890 Justin Early baseline
147,184 John Carter baseline

Starting line: a weighted blend of the official 2022 and 2024 results in this district (President, U.S. Senate, Railroad Commissioner, Governor, Attorney General). No 2026 polls have been published. 2026 turnout modeled on 2022, the last midterm.

The odds

<1% today. A wave changes that.

We ran this race 20,000 times with realistic error on every assumption. Drag the slider to see the odds move as the campaign captures more of what history says is available.

Early wins in
<1%
of 20,000 simulated elections
With no plan
<1%
tieEarly loses by 93,291loses by 5,656
How much of what history allows the campaign achieves100%
The plan on this page sits at 100%. Median outcome at this setting: Early short by 50,099.

Each simulation draws the starting line with an error of 7 points of margin (no 2026 polls, so the starting line comes from history and carries more error) and lets the plan over- or under-deliver by 30 percent. Seeded and reproducible; the method and data are at the bottom of the page.

Three moves

The gap closes three ways.

Change minds. Bring out voters who skip midterms. Win back the third-party vote. Every pool below is counted from official precinct returns and published polls.

Persuade
3,181
net votes in the plan, from a pool of 3,181

Who. 3,181 voters who split their ticket in recent elections and lean Carter today.

How. Live conversations on the call list that matters: voters who crossed party lines, plus the undecided. Early needs to win 50 percent of the ones now leaning Carter.

Mobilize
1,163
net votes in the plan, from a pool of 14,869

Who. At least 14,869 people who voted in 2024 but not in 2022, in precincts where Early's side wins at least 55 percent.

How. Voter ID calls to people who voted in 2024 and skipped 2022, then a ballot chase until each one has voted.

Consolidate
816
net votes in the plan, from a pool of 2,332

Who. Voters who went third party in recent races, in the precincts that lean Early's way.

How. A direct appeal to voters who went third party last time. They have already shown they will leave the two-party default.

Together: 5,160 net votes against a gap of 55,295. Still 50,135 short. The rest needs a national shift of about 20.5 points that no campaign controls.

Where it is won

12 precincts carry 23% of it.

Ranked by the net votes each one gives the plan. The darker the county, the more of the upset lives there.

Anderson CountyAndrews CountyAngelina CountyAransas CountyArcher CountyArmstrong CountyAtascosa CountyAustin CountyBailey CountyBandera CountyBastrop CountyBaylor CountyBee CountyBell County: 2,244 net votes in the planBexar CountyBlanco CountyBorden CountyBosque CountyBowie CountyBrazoria CountyBrazos CountyBrewster CountyBriscoe CountyBrooks CountyBrown CountyBurleson CountyBurnet County: 209 net votes in the planCaldwell CountyCalhoun CountyCallahan CountyCameron CountyCamp CountyCarson CountyCass CountyCastro CountyChambers CountyCherokee CountyChildress CountyClay CountyCochran CountyCoke CountyColeman CountyCollin CountyCollingsworth CountyColorado CountyComal CountyComanche CountyConcho CountyCooke CountyCoryell County: 251 net votes in the planCottle CountyCrane CountyCrockett CountyCrosby CountyCulberson CountyDallam CountyDallas CountyDawson CountyDeWitt CountyDeaf Smith CountyDelta CountyDenton CountyDickens CountyDimmit CountyDonley CountyDuval CountyEastland CountyEctor CountyEdwards CountyEl Paso CountyEllis CountyErath CountyFalls CountyFannin CountyFayette CountyFisher CountyFloyd CountyFoard CountyFort Bend CountyFranklin CountyFreestone CountyFrio CountyGaines CountyGalveston CountyGarza CountyGillespie CountyGlasscock CountyGoliad CountyGonzales CountyGray CountyGrayson CountyGregg CountyGrimes CountyGuadalupe CountyHale CountyHall CountyHamilton County: 46 net votes in the planHansford CountyHardeman CountyHardin CountyHarris CountyHarrison CountyHartley CountyHaskell CountyHays CountyHemphill CountyHenderson CountyHidalgo CountyHill CountyHockley CountyHood CountyHopkins CountyHouston CountyHoward CountyHudspeth CountyHunt CountyHutchinson CountyIrion CountyJack CountyJackson CountyJasper CountyJeff Davis CountyJefferson CountyJim Hogg CountyJim Wells CountyJohnson CountyJones CountyKarnes CountyKaufman CountyKendall CountyKenedy CountyKent CountyKerr CountyKimble CountyKing CountyKinney CountyKleberg CountyKnox CountyLa Salle CountyLamar CountyLamb CountyLampasas County: 86 net votes in the planLavaca CountyLee CountyLeon CountyLiberty CountyLimestone CountyLipscomb CountyLive Oak CountyLlano CountyLoving CountyLubbock CountyLynn CountyMadison CountyMarion CountyMartin CountyMason CountyMatagorda CountyMaverick CountyMcCulloch CountyMcLennan CountyMcMullen CountyMedina CountyMenard CountyMidland CountyMilam CountyMills County: 23 net votes in the planMitchell CountyMontague CountyMontgomery CountyMoore CountyMorris CountyMotley CountyNacogdoches CountyNavarro CountyNewton CountyNolan CountyNueces CountyOchiltree CountyOldham CountyOrange CountyPalo Pinto CountyPanola CountyParker CountyParmer CountyPecos CountyPolk CountyPotter CountyPresidio CountyRains CountyRandall CountyReagan CountyReal CountyRed River CountyReeves CountyRefugio CountyRoberts CountyRobertson CountyRockwall CountyRunnels CountyRusk CountySabine CountySan Augustine CountySan Jacinto CountySan Patricio CountySan Saba CountySchleicher CountyScurry CountyShackelford CountyShelby CountySherman CountySmith CountySomervell CountyStarr CountyStephens CountySterling CountyStonewall CountySutton CountySwisher CountyTarrant CountyTaylor CountyTerrell CountyTerry CountyThrockmorton CountyTitus CountyTom Green CountyTravis CountyTrinity CountyTyler CountyUpshur CountyUpton CountyUvalde CountyVal Verde CountyVan Zandt CountyVictoria CountyWalker CountyWaller CountyWard CountyWashington CountyWebb CountyWharton CountyWheeler CountyWichita CountyWilbarger CountyWillacy CountyWilliamson County: 2,302 net votes in the planWilson CountyWinkler CountyWise CountyWood CountyYoakum CountyYoung CountyZapata CountyZavala CountyBellBurnetCoryellLampasasWilliamson
Fewer net votesMore net votes for the upset
  1. 01
    Precinct 414 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +42. 2.4% split their ticket. About 918 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +147
  2. 02
    Precinct 210 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +28. 1.2% split their ticket. About 1,328 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +140
  3. 03
    Precinct 405 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +35. 1.7% split their ticket. About 943 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +128
  4. 04
    Precinct 408 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +25. 2.6% split their ticket. About 1,047 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +113
  5. 05
    Precinct 413 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +21. 2.2% split their ticket. About 1,085 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +92
  6. 06
    Precinct 208 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +25. 2.0% split their ticket. About 717 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +82
  7. 07
    Precinct 491 (Williamson County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +14. 2.7% split their ticket. About 1,015 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +82
  8. 08
    Precinct 106 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +24. 3.1% split their ticket. About 681 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +79
  9. 09
    Precinct 205 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +26. 0.8% split their ticket. About 763 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +79
  10. 10
    Precinct 412 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +31. 1.8% split their ticket. About 605 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +79
  11. 11
    Precinct 139 (Williamson County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +19. 2.9% split their ticket. About 734 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +74
  12. 12
    Precinct 215 (Bell County)mobilize
    Starting line Early +17. 1.7% split their ticket. About 796 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (estimate).
    +70
What the numbers say that the polls do not

The hidden path.

Precinct 414 (Bell County) carries the most.

Precinct 414 (Bell County) gives this plan more net votes than any other precinct: 147. It sits at Early +42 on our starting line, and 2.4 percent of its voters split their ticket in recent elections.

Precinct 210 (Bell County) is a turnout race.

Early's side leads Precinct 210 (Bell County) by about 28 points on our starting line, and it cast about 1,328 more ballots in 2024 than in 2022 (an estimate). Roughly that many of its 2024 voters sat out the last midterm; bringing enough of them back nets 121 votes there.

Precinct 106 (Bell County) splits its ticket the most.

Of the precincts in this plan, Precinct 106 (Bell County) has the highest share of ticket splitters: 3.1 percent. That is where a persuasion call is most likely to reach someone open to crossing over.

Spend it where it counts.

As of June 30, 2026, Carter had $171K in cash on hand to Early's $17K. That is exactly why the plan puts every dollar on the few places listed here instead of the whole map.

The evidence

Where voters cross over.

Every dot is a precinct. If no one split a ticket, every dot would sit on the line. The orange ones are where Early's side lost voters it won further up the ballot.

-100-100-80-80-60-60-40-40-20-2000+20+20+40+40+60+60Early's side, President 2024 margin (points)U.S. Senate 2024 margin (points)
Precincts
210
Slope
1.021
R²
0.996
Residual SD
1.9 pts
Crossover precincts
31

Weighted least squares, one point per precinct, weighted by ballots cast. Orange precincts sit more than one residual standard deviation below the line: Early's side did worse there in this race than the top of the ticket predicts. Hover any dot for the precinct.

The next 37 days

Voting starts October 19.

  1. Now to October 5
    Find them

    Voter ID calls across the persuasion list in these precincts. Every conversation tags the voter: with Early, with Carter, or undecided. The undecided become the persuasion universe; the supporters become the ballot chase list.

  2. October 6 to 18
    Persuade

    Second conversations with every undecided and soft voter, built around the one issue they named on the first call. The goal is 3,181 net votes from people who have crossed party lines before.

  3. October 19 to 25
    Bank the ballots

    Mail ballots are already going out, and in-person early voting runs October 19 through October 30. Mail ballot applications must be received by October 23. Chase every supporter's mail ballot request until it is returned, and move supporters to early voting while it is open.

  4. October 26 to November 2
    Turn them out

    The drop-off voters: people who voted in 2024 and skipped 2022. At least 14,869 of them live where Early is favored. In-person early voting ends October 30. Mail ballots count if received by 7 p.m. on November 3, or by 5 p.m. on November 4 if postmarked by Election Day.

  5. November 3
    Election day

    Polls are open 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Texas has no same-day registration; the registration deadline is October 5. The last calls go to identified supporters who have not voted, with their polling place in hand.

What has to be true

No wishful thinking.

Official results in this district: Trump carried the 2024 presidential race by 21.9 points; Cruz carried the 2024 U.S. Senate race by 17.8 points; Abbott carried the 2022 governor's race by 24.1 points.

  1. Early wins 50 percent of the ticket splitters now leaning Carter.
  2. In Precinct 414 (Bell County) and Precinct 210 (Bell County), 35 percent of the people who voted in 2024 but skipped 2022 come back and vote.
  3. The national environment moves about 20.5 points toward Early's side between now and November 3.
  4. No 2026 public poll exists for this race, so the starting line is a weighted blend of official recent results; the first real poll will move it.
The work

2,556 conversations.

That is how many live voter conversations this plan takes: about 48,775 dials to 16,258 households, before the last ballot is cast.

16K
households on the target list
49K
dials across three attempts
2,556
live conversations: persuasion, voter ID, ballot chase

Call list: every ticket splitter and undecided voter in the targeted places (you cannot tell which way they lean before the call), every targeted drop-off voter, and the reachable third-party voters. About 69 households for every 100 voters on the list, three attempts each, and a 5.24 percent live answer rate per attempt, the per-program average across 1.2 million real 2026 dials in our published benchmarks.

HyperPhonebank

We run this list.

Calls are the voter ID and ballot chase engine of this plan. They find the persuadable voters and the supporters, so every other dollar lands on the right door. The full call program for this list is an estimated $6,446 at our published rates: 16,258 households, three attempts each.

Professional live callers working exactly these precincts: persuasion on the ticket splitters, voter ID on the fence, ballot chase on every absentee request until it is returned. A live dashboard shows every conversation as it happens. Days to launch, not weeks.

The candidates

Who is on the ballot.

Underdog

Justin Early (D)

Georgetown resident and cybersecurity architect at Dell Technologies; a U.S. Army veteran who served as a paratrooper at Fort Bragg and later worked at the Pentagon after the 9/11 attacks.

Cash on hand $17,400 and $123,522 raised since January 1, 2025, per FEC reports through June 30, 2026.

Favorite · incumbent

John Carter (R)

U.S. representative for the 31st District since 2003 and chair of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Military Construction and Veterans Affairs; previously a Williamson County district judge (1981 to 2001), with degrees from Texas Tech and the University of Texas law school.

Cash on hand $170,827 and $1,419,042 raised since January 1, 2025, per FEC reports through June 30, 2026.

Also on the ballot

Greg Stoker (G)

Former U.S. Army Ranger with four combat deployments to Afghanistan who now works as an anti-war advocate, journalist and host of the Colonial Outcasts podcast.

Cash on hand $12,398 and $78,678 raised since January 1, 2025, per FEC reports through June 30, 2026.

Underdog Updates

What changed, and when.

We re-run this race as new polls, fundraising reports and early vote counts arrive. Every change to the numbers is logged here.

  1. September 26, 2026
    Underdog plan published

    Starting line: Carter +22.6. Justin Early needs 55,295 net votes. Odds under 1% today, under 1% with the plan.

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Questions

Can Justin Early win Texas's 31st Congressional District in 2026?

Only with help from the national environment. Campaign work can move about 5,160 net votes; the gap is 55,295. The rest would take a 20.5-point national shift.

Where are the votes Justin Early needs?

Ranked by net votes in the plan: Precinct 414 (Bell County), Precinct 210 (Bell County), Precinct 405 (Bell County), Precinct 408 (Bell County), Precinct 413 (Bell County). Persuadable voters are counted from ticket splitting in 2022 and 2024 official returns; turnout targets are people who voted in 2024 and skipped 2022.

How many voters does Justin Early need to persuade?

About 1,590 voters who lean John Carter today, each worth two votes of margin when they switch. That is 50 percent of the 3,181 persuadable voters leaning John Carter.

When does early voting start in Texas in 2026?

In-person early voting in Texas runs October 19 through October 30, 2026. The voter registration deadline is October 5, and applications for a mail ballot must be received by October 23. Mail ballots count if received by 7 p.m. on Election Day, or by 5 p.m. the next day if postmarked by Election Day. Texas does not offer same-day registration.

Who made this analysis?

The Political Group, an independent campaign services firm, from official Texas Secretary of State precinct returns, Census data, FEC filings and published polls. It is not affiliated with any candidate or party.

Method and sources

Precinct math from official Texas Secretary of State returns for 2022 and 2024, projected onto current district lines. Polls, ratings and fundraising as published on the dates shown. This is independent analysis by The Political Group, as of September 26, 2026. It is not affiliated with or endorsed by any candidate or party, and it is written for every campaign that starts behind.

Statistics: a weighted least squares crossover regression on every precinct, and 20,000 seeded Monte Carlo simulations. The baseline error (7 points of margin) and plan efficacy spread (30 percent) are our stated assumptions. Download the precinct data (CSV, ready for JASP). Free to cite under CC BY 4.0 with a link to this page.

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